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However,psychological researches find most of us struggle to handle failureconstructively.In other words,we fail to "fail forward".We find ways to devaluethe task at which we failed,and become less motivated to persevere and reach ourgoals.This phenomenon is known as the "sour-grape effect",which wasdiscovered by Professor Hallgeir Sjastad.Sjastad explains that"sour-grape effect"is a self-protective mechanism."Mostof us picture ourselves as competent people,so when external feedback()suggestsotherwise,it poses a serious threat to that self-image,"he says."The easiest wayout is to deny or explain awayl the external signal,so we can reduce theinconsistency and preserve a positive sense of self.We do this even withoutnoticing.”gslsIf you have one bad interview for your dream job,you might convince yourselfthat you don't really want it at all,and stop applying for similar positions.Thesame goes if you fail to impress at a sports trial,or if a publisher rejects the firstsubmission of your manuscript()."We tend to explain away our shortcomingsand convince ourselves our 'Plan C'is actually our 'Plan A',"Sjastad says.It doesn't mean we should persevere in goals all the time.It can be healthy tochange ambitions if the process is no longer making us happy.But the "sour-grapeeffect"may lead us to come to this decision prematurely,rather than hanging on alittle and seeing whether we might learn and improve.)Failures are unavoidable.By learning to face the disappointment instead ofdevaluing its importance and pretending nothing happened,you may find it easierto achieve your goals.1ow9)b99g29T.8Yuods vlaism d rgsigstsq ai tdw.os28.Why does the author mention the speech of inspirational speakers inparagraph 1?℃A.To offer an example to handle failure.B.To describe a shallow understanding of failure.C.To introduce a common attitude towards failure.D.To emphasize the importance of experiencing failure..22ia0g(0.A29.What can we learn from the paragraph 3 about tthe "sour grape effect"?A.It protects us from false feedback.dB.It pictures us as competitive people.DC.It poses a severe threat to self-image.D.It denies negative feedback to ourselves.30.What does the underlined word"prematurely"in paragraph5mean?A.Unhappily.B.Mistakenly.C.Hurriedly.D.Carelessly.高三·英语第4页（共10页）
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